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nbsp;mode of thinking”, in Shannon K. McClendon and Martin Melosi (eds.), Comparative Environmental Management in the Americas: Social, Cultural, and Legal Perspectives, Houston: Institute for Public History,1993, P.88, P.93. [2] Martin Melosi, “Public History and the Environment”, The Public Historian, Vol.15, No.4( Fall 1993), P.18. [3]参看 包茂宏,“唐纳德·沃斯特与美国环境史研究”, 《史学理论研究》,2003年第4期。 [4] Martin V. Melosi, “Urban Pollution: Historical Perspective Needed”, Environmental Review, 3(Spring 1979), Pp.37-45. “The Urban Physical Environment and the Historian: Prospects for Research, Teaching,and Public Policy”, Journal of American Culture, 3(Fall 1980),Pp526-40. [5] Thomas R. Detwyler, Melvin G. Marcus (eds.), Urbanization and Environment, Belmont, 1972, P.VII. [6] Theodore Hershberg, “The New Urban History: Toward an Interdisciplinary History of the City”, Journal of Urban History, 5(Nov.,1978), P.33. [7] Martin V. Melosi, “The Urban Physical Environment and the Historian: Prospects for Research, Teaching,and Public Policy”, Journal of American Culture, 3(Fall 1980),Pp528-532. [8] 有机论认为,城市可以比做人体,是一个自然系统、一个转型的资源联合体,也是“第二自然”。调节论认为,城市是废弃物生产者,也是个“热岛”,还对水循环和大气都产生了影响。生态论比较复杂,把城市放在“生态复合体”中分析其空间模式、组织结构、生态扩张和组成部分的成长。系统论认为,城市是城市体系中的一个子系统,这个系统不但是活动的,也是开放的,而且其中的技术系统既有内部影响也有外部影响。 [9] Martin Melosi,&上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页 >> |
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