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nbsp;“The Historical Dimension of Urban Ecology: Frameworks and Concepts”, in Alan R. Berkowitz, Charles H. Nilon, Karen S. Hollweg (eds.), Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education, Springer, 2003, P.197.
[10] Joer A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective, The University of Akron Press, 1996, P.xxii.
[11] Martin Melosi, “The Place of the City in environmental history”, in Effluent America: Cities, Industry, Energy, and the Environment, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001, P.126.
[12] Graeme Davison, “The city as a natural system: Theories of urban society in early nineteenth century Britain”, in Derek Fraser & Anthony Sutcliffe (eds.), The Pursuit of Urban history, London, 1983, P.366. Spenser W. Havlick, The Urban Organism, New York,1974, P.12.
[13] William Cronon (ed.), Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human place in nature, W. W. Norton & Company, 1996, P.25, 80-81. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West, Norton, 1991. 以此理论为指导，马丁教授对美国城市环境史进行了深入研究，重点是19和20世纪美国的城市——工业社会。研究这些问题无疑对接受外交史训练的马丁来说是一个巨大的挑战，但他并没有退缩，而是迎难而上，认真补习了市政府如何运作、技术如何发展、城市服务体系的扩展、城市财政政策的特点、垃圾处理和能源供应等方面的专业知识，开始探索城市成长、城市污染和工业化之间的相互关系。这样的研究显然已经超越上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页 >> |
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