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美国历史上的妇女（十） |
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As in the death penalty case, the Burger Court manifested moderate reform tendencies on the abortion question, a controversial social issue throughout the 1970s. In a case of 1973, it struck down a Texas law that made abortion a criminal offense, on the ground that the law violated a woman’s constitutional right of privacy under the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Blackmun’s majority opinion stimulated that in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy the state’s power to regulate abortion was either nonexistent or subordinate to the woman’s right to decide the question of death or abortion. Only in the third trimester might the state prohibit abortion outright, and even then it could not prohibit abortion to save the life or health of the mother. In another case of the same year, relying on the same ground of invasion of privacy, the Court invalidated the recent Georgia law that made abortion crime.
堕胎问题是贯穿于20世纪70年代的颇有争议的社会问题[注: 社会问题（social problem)是社会学研究的重要领域之一。指社会关系失调，影响社会大部分成员的共同生活，破坏社会正常活动，妨碍社会协调发展的社会现象。]。正如在死刑案子中，博格法院在“堕胎问题”中显露出温和的改革倾向。在 1973年的一个案子中，最高法院枪毙了德克萨斯州把堕胎定为刑事罪的法律，理由是该法违反了第14修正案中宪法保证的妇女隐私权。伯莱克芒法官代表的多数意见认为：在怀孕的第一和第二妊娠期，要么州没有规定堕胎的权力，要么应服从妇女对死亡和堕胎的决定权。仅仅在第三妊娠期，州才可以完全禁止堕胎，但即使在这个阶段，州也不可禁止出于保护母亲生命和健康目 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页
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