[注: 自朝奉郎以上至朝散大夫之妻封为安人。-anren]社会中,在劳动中实行颇为严格的性别分工。在分工的细节上,各种文化有很大的不同。在采集民族中,狩猎一般是男子的工作,而采集果实和在家庭基地大本营操持家务是妇女的职责。这种模式大概起源于古代时期的早年。但是农耕的发展破坏了这种模式。在几乎完全依赖农作物的墨西哥,男人和妇女都在田里干活。在狩猎依然保持重要性的地方,较老的劳动分工继续存在,妇女要负责农田里的劳动。但是,一般来说,在很多重要方面,印第安模式与的欧洲殖民者模式之间的反差引起很大误解。比如,当英国殖民者看到在田里干活的印第安妇女时,认为她们是在遭受沉重压迫。反过来,印第安人则认为在田里干活儿的男殖民者是在干“女人的活儿”。
In most North American Indian farming communities,women and men belonged to separate social groups,each with its own rituals and lore. Membership in these societies was one of the most important elements of a person’s identity. Marriage ties,on the other hand,were relatively weak, and in most Indian communities divorce was easy. The couple simply separated,the children almost always remaining with the mother. Indian women were free to determine the timing of reproduction as well as to use herbs to prevent pregnancy,induce abortion,or ease the pain of childbirth. The status and role of
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