【内容提要】公元前5世纪后期，雅典人从经济、政治、军事、法律、 宗教诸方面强化对广大属国人民的统治，几乎完全剥夺了各属国的主权，雅典帝国是雅典人的国家，不是主权国家联盟。雅典帝国的形成标志着雅典国家的发展进入了一个新阶段；雅典帝国的形成，是雅典人征服、奴役异邦人的结果，是雅典奴隶制发展的具体表现，是伯里克里时代经济繁荣、政局稳定、文化昌盛的历史前提。雅典帝国的形成和瓦解， 是公元前5世纪中后期东地中海及周边地区国际关系史上的一件大事。在充分肯定雅典乃至希腊历史上的积极作用的同时，丝毫不应忽视它的另一面，即雅典帝国的富足和强大也是建立在征服、奴役甚至屠杀异邦人的基础之上的。

　　【英文摘要】a　great　number　of　irrefutable　facts　proved　that　 theathenians strengthened the government of　the　masses　of　thenumerous vassel states from the aspects of　economy, politics,militiary,law,religion and so on during the late 5th　centuryb.c.,even to the extent to almost deprive of　the　sovereigntyof these states. the　athenian　empire　was　not　the allianceof sovereign　states, but　the　state　of　the　athenians. theestablishment of the empire marked an advanced period　in　thedevelopment of the athenian state. it was not only the　resultof the athenians conquering and enslaving　the　non- atheniansbut the embodiment of the　growth　of　athenian　slave- owningsystem　as　well　as　the　historical　presupposition　of　thepericlean age　with　flourishing　economy,　 stable　politicalsituation and prosperous culture. the formation　and　collapseof the athenian empire was a great event　in　the　history　ofinternational　relations between　the　mediterranean　and　thearound countries in the mid and later period of 5th century　b.c..in spite of regarding the athenian empire's　influence　onthe history of athen and　even　of　greece　as　positive,　 weshould not neglect the the other aspect in the　　　slightest,namely,the abundance and powerfulness of the　athenian　empire were based on the conquering, enslaving and slaughtering　thenon-

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