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中英文化空间心理距离与跨文化交际 |
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时间：2010-10-14 11:54:56 来源：不详
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受也不相同。
三、文化心理距离与跨文化交际的影响
1.文化心理距离与文化习俗的关系
空间距离与文化习俗相关。(顾家祖,2002)“美国人类学家霍尔(Hall)经过大量观察后,把交际空间距离分成四类:亲密距离、个人距离、社交距离和公共(场合)距离。西方人划分亲密距离大约从接触到18英寸左右。个人距离约从18英寸到4英尺(一般谈话距离)。社交距离约从4英尺到10英尺。(4英尺为一般场合,10英尺为正规场合)。公共距离一般在12英尺以上。”从以上看来距离愈远亲密程度愈小。不过两个同性或异性之间谈话的距离是有差异的。
人际交往的空间观念是后天习得的,因此在不同的文化中,人们的领地要求和空间关系处理各不相同,都有其自身的规则及程序。由于人们对空间的需求和与空间有关的交际规则不同,所以空间距离所引起的联想和感受就不同,有关空间和距离使用的价值观念也就不同。不同文化地域的人因其所持文化观念不同,对于同一非语言交际行为会产生不同的理解。故而,霍尔认为空间的变化会对交际发生影响,可以加强交际的效果,有时还会超过语言的作用。人们交谈时相互间距离及其变化是整个交际过程中不可分割的重要组成部分。(杨俊峰:1999,P95)提到:
Americans generally like a lot of physical space in their organization lives. Many American clichés point to this: "give me some space," "Get out of my face," "Back off." This translates into a typical distance of about three feet when addressing others in business situations. Very little touching takes place. When it does occur, it is usually somewhat conspicuous and a source of sensitivity. Handshakes last only a second or so. If two passengers remain after a crowded elevator has emptied, they immediately take dance-like steps to their respective corners. In many cultures, the social and business distance is much closer than it is in the United States. It is customary in parts of Latin America and the Middle East for business associates to embrace each other, to kiss each other lightly on the cheek, and to put only one foot or so between them in a business discussion. Indeed, a distance of about a foot between business associates is customary 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页
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