摘 要： 自汉以来的人们便把鲧禹父子治水一成功一失败归之于父子二人治水的方法不同，禹治水成功是因为采用疏导的方法，而鲧治水失败是因为用堵截的方法。这种说法实际上是对古文献的误读。在大洪水来临之初，不可能用疏导的方式去治理洪水，只能像鲧一样用修筑堤防的方式。禹治理洪水只能是在大洪水逐渐平息下来的后期，用疏导水道办法去治水。古史传说中说共工和鲧是修筑堤防堵截洪水，完全是因为地处黄河中游，而且共工、鲧皆为农业部族方国，实行定居的生活方式，在大洪水来临之际只有用建堤防拦截洪水，这样便给黄河下游的众多方国部族带来了大灾难，而共工、鲧遭到讨伐后被迫迁徙到边远地区。所有这些现象都说明战国之前的上古时期有一个重要现象：人们在大小江河之上并不建筑堤防。

　　关键词： 大禹； 洪水治理； 鲧； 古史传说

　　Abstract: It is not appropriate to simply think that Yu succeeded in taming the waters by dredging while Gun failed by blocking up. In fact, it was impossible to tame the waters by dredging at the beginning of the Great Flood. The only way possible then was to build dams as Gun did in his day.It was only in the late days when the flood began to recede that Yu was able to tame the waters by dredging. As the ancient legend has it, Gun and Gonggong were both chieftains of agricultural tribes which settled in the central reaches of the Huanghe River. When the flood came, they could only construct dams to defend their homeland, only to bring great disasters to those tribes in the lower reaches. As a consequence, they had to migrate to border regions after they were attacked. All this reveals an important phenomenon in the early days of Chinese history: People didn't build dams on rivers.

　　Key Words: Yu the Great; taming a flood; Gun; legend in the early days in Chinese history; dam 
　　
　　从我国古代史的传统来看，早在春秋战国史学意识和史学论著开始产生的时期，人们在总结历史的经验和教训之时，往往把历史人物的成功、失败或历史朝代的更替、文明的衰落等等原因皆归之于社会和人事本身［1］。我国从20世纪随着近代科学的兴起，学术界从气候环境方面探讨历史的变化与朝代更替的原因就越来越多了。不少学者的研究成果表明历史人物的成败、社会的兴衰、朝代的更替等现象，常常与气候环境的变化密切相关。越来越多的研究成果揭示了从先

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