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浅析T.S.艾略特早期诗歌中的现代人形象

时间:2009-8-8 16:56:54  来源:不详
nt of Western industries, the major imperialist countries were not satisfied with the reality. They were searching more and more interests so they planned to invade other countries and the First World War broke out in 1914. Europe hadn’t suffered from the worldwide war for nearly one hundred years; so people were really frightened and confused by the sudden war. After the war, the life changed a lot. As famous British poet William Butler Yeats wrote in his poem The Second Coming: “Things fall apart; the center cannot hold, Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and every where, The ceremony of innocence is drowned, The best lack all conviction, while the Worst, Are full of passionate intensity.” [1]
To cater for the need of the capitalist class, the United States entered the war in 1917. Many Western countries were damaged by this naïve war except the United States. The sudden transition from war to peace led to some problems. Some people lost their way to live after the war; some of them were despair and became spiritually empty. Immediately after the war, the U.S. entered a period of industrial boom that was based on the progress of science and technology. But there were also potential problems---the U.S. fell into a great depression soon.
T.S. Eliot, being an experienced and observant thinker, saw the world and people’s life clearly. He told us what the modern world and modern men were like with his own experiences in his critical poems. His poetry may be divided into two periods: the early period from 1915 to 1925, the later period from 1927 onward, 1927 being the year in which he became a British citizen and was received into the Church of England.[2] In his early poems, Eliot expressed his personal feeling of disillusionment, including “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, which is also known as “Prufrock” (1915), “Portrait of a Lady” (1910), “Gerontion” (1919), The Waste Land (1922), and The Hollow Men (1925). In these poems, the readers can find the modern men as incapable as Prufrock in “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, as hopeless as the little old man in “Gerontion”, and as empty as scarecrows in The Hollow Men.
2.1. Prufrock---the self-portrait of modern men in “Prufrock”
2.1.1 Brief introduction of this poem
Prufrock is a typical kind of modern men that Eliot described in the poem “Prufrock”. We will see his emotional conflicts and incapability to love from this poem. The speaker Prufrock is Eliot’s first self-portrait in a distorting mirror.[3] He is a frustrated individual character in the poem, which reveals the spiritual crisis of modern intellectuals.
This poem captures the insanity, intensity and sheer length, width and breadth of human feelings. It is an examination of the tortured psyche of the prototypical modern man --- overeducated, eloquent but emotionally still. It develops a theme of frustration and emotional conflict.[4]
Prufrock is the image of an ineffectual, sorrowful, tragic twentieth-century western man, possibly the modern intellectual. His tragic flaw is timidity; his “cures” is his idealism. Knowing everything, but unable to do nothing, he lives in an area of life and death, and is caught between the two worlds, he belongs to neither. [5]
The epigraph to this poem is from Dante’s Inferno:“S’io credessi che mia risposta fosse/ A persona che mai tornasse al mondo, / Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse. / Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo/ Non torno vivo alcun, s’i’odo il vero, / Senza tema d’infamia ti rispondo”. It describes Prufrock’s ideal listener: one who is as lost as the speaker and will never betray to the world the content of Prufrock’s present confessions. In the world Prufrock describes, though, no such sympathetic figure exists; he must be content with silent reflection.
2.1.2 The understanding of the name – J. Alfred Prufrock
    The name of J. Alfred Prufrock is an ironic image. The name of Prufrock is that of a furniture dealer in St Louis while his initial “J” sounds tony and classy, giving one a sense of the upper class to which he belongs. [6] However, when we hear of the name, we cannot help laughing. “The muttering retreats (line5)/Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels (line6)/And sawdust restaurant with oyster-shells.(line7)” Judging from this description, actually, Prufrock lives in a seedy, raw world. It is a world where there is no social unity, and where there is elegance and beauty of a kind such as divorced from force and vitality. It is a trivial world of total emptiness.[7] He is not rich, but he tries to dress well, giving the readers a sense of notable.
Prufrock consists of two words: prude and frock. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, prude refers to the person who behaves in an extremely or unnaturally proper manner, especially one who is too easily shocked by sexual matters.[8] It just reflects that J. Alf

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