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东、西“大秦国”及“至那”名称由来 |
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时间：2009-7-24 13:48:43 来源：不详
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e”，及其北境的“Serice”，长期以来，都被勘同为“中国”的别号。名称的来源，众说纷纭。张星烺先生《支那名号考》一文已将主要的勘对胪列，如下。“一、德国李希脱和芬（Richthofen）之说：西汉时日南郡，中国与外界海上交通，悉由此处。东汉桓帝延禧九年，大秦王安敦之使者亦由日南登岸而至长安。故支那之原音，为日南二字。二、法国拉克伯里（Lacouperie）之说：古代滇国地土广大，国势富强，居中国南方。公元前中国与西、南二方诸国之贸易，皆为此国人所独揽。滇国海上交通，当由红河而至交趾国。交趾即拖雷美（Ptolemy）之Cattigara 港也。故西方所盛传之Chin、Sin、Sinae，乃由滇国转音而来。三、法国鲍梯（Pauthier）之说：梵语之支那（Cina）实由古代秦国而来。秦国于公元前一千年时，已建国于陕西。上古西方之得闻支那，即由此国。而雅各比（Jacobi）着论文反对此说，谓公元前三百馀年、印度旃陀罗笈多王时其臣考铁利亚（Kautiliya）着有《政论》一书，书中载支那产丝，其丝货有贩至印度之语。秦朝开始于公元前二百四十七年，故支那原音为秦之说，不攻已破矣”40。不过，问题的关键，在于这个“秦”并不实指当时的“中国”。
东方的记载提及“大秦国”人身材修长、寿命缅久，而西方的记载也提到与“Thin”为近邻的“Seres”人的“so tall”、“live more than two hundred years”。Colonel Sir Henry Yule Cathay and the Way Thither引公元前五世纪希腊作家Ctesias、公元一世纪罗马作家Florus的叙述：“It is said that the Seres and the Northern Indians are so tall, that one meets men 13 cubits high; they live more than two hundred years”。“Even the rest of the nations of the world which were not subject to the imperial sway were sensible of its grandeur, and looked with reverence to the Roman people, the great conqueror of nations. Thus even Scythians and Sarmatians sent envoys to seek the friendship of Rome. Nay the Seres came likewise, and the Indians who dwelt beneath the vertical sun, bringing presents of precious stones and pearls and elephants, but thinking all of less moment than the vastness of the journey which they had undertaken,&n上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页 |
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