【内容提要】在显庆至天宝年间,唐朝确有在中亚抵制大食东扩的战略,即利用当地的政治势力抵抗大食,力求以最小的军事力量保持西域地区的相对安宁。唐朝还在中亚建立起一个针对大食的防御体系,该体系先后以突骑施、康国为中心,中亚九姓胡基本上加入这个体系中。
【关键词】唐朝 大食 中亚
ON the Defensive System of the Tang Setting up in Central Asia
Abstract: Between the Xianqing and Tianbao years(AD.656—755),the Tang dynasty had had the strategy that the Tang resisted Arab’s expansion to Eastern. It was that the Tang made use of Central Asia’s regimes to resist the Arabs and remained peace in Western Lands by the smallest of the military. Meanwhile,the Tang set up a defensive system against the Arabs in Central Asia. The system’s heart were Turks and Samarkand in order of priority. The states in Central Asia almost joined the system.
Key: Tang dynasty; Arab; Central Asia.
唐朝是否有抵制大食的战略,唐朝与大食在中亚是否有过争夺,这是牵涉到如何认识唐与中亚诸胡关系、唐与大食关系和一系列相关历史事件的重大问题。法国汉学大家沙畹认为,唐朝曾在中亚地区抗御大食。[1]另有一种观点认为,沙畹之论述不充分;在西域地区,唐朝与大食的关系始终处于同盟友好状态;唐朝并没有支持突骑施抗击大食。[2]孰是孰非,历史真相究竟如何呢?
一、 设立中亚羁縻州府
贞观初期,西突厥统治中亚地区。贞观五年(631)十二月,康国即遣使请臣。[3] 这是九姓胡第一次主动请求臣服。值得注意的是,此时阿拉伯人尚未东扩,他们没有对中亚诸胡构成威胁。康国的请臣、内附,带有明显的摆脱西突厥控制之倾向。
然而,唐朝初定天下,无意与西突厥争夺中亚。所以,唐太宗与群臣议说:“前代帝王,好招来绝域,以求服远之名,无益于用而糜弊
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