［内容提要］不论是井田制还是名田制，都是根据一定的身份等级占有田宅。周爵以世卿世禄为原则，秦爵以食有劳而禄有功为原则。与此相应，井田制下的禄田可以为同一家族世代享用，因而相对稳定；名田制下的田宅，由于爵位的降等继承而有较大的流动性。名田制尽管没有公田与私田的划分，但劳役地租仍然以“庶子”及“人貉”的形式残存了相当长的一段时间，直到汉代才为雇佣劳动和租佃制所取代。汉名田制与秦名田制虽有很大不同，然而，其以户为单位并以爵位为基础的田宅等级标准，就基本原则而言，与秦名田制却是一脉相承的。

［关键词］井田制  名田制  爵制

The Ming-tian System of Qin Period in the Bamboo Documents

YU Zhen-bo

(Yuelu Academy, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan  410082, China)

Abstract: The ming-tian system is similar to the square-fields system in possessing farmland and curtilage according to one’s title. Under the square-fields system, the farmland as salary was stable and could run in the family because the aristocratic titles were hereditary. On the contrary, under the ming-tian system, the farmland and curtilage were not stable because the titles must be awarded to those who had contribution or achievement, and would be demoted when the titles were inherited. The farmland under the ming-tian system was not divided into public farmland and private farmland, but the land tax paid by means of forced labor in the n

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