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清代海疆政策的思想探源 |
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时间：2009-7-24 13:51:29 来源：不详
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【英文摘要】Through an exhaustive analysis of the historical records,this article concludes that the ideological roots of the coas-tal areas and territorial seas policy of the Qing government sprang from the Confucian method of frontier administration.T-aking humanity and justice as its core,conciliation as its me-ans,and defensive preparations as its deterrent force,the pol-icy advocated changing the foreign countries which dealt with China and influencing them morally to enable these countries to achieve order and render the whole world peaceful.The auth-or further finds that the Qing rulers of China did not merely inherit the traditional thought on frontier administration butalso made many breakthroughs and developments.
【 正 文】
有清一代清人的海疆观念与今人是有很大区别的。虽然领海制度在十八世纪初已在西方世界形成，但其时中国朝野的海权意识仍十分淡漠。与明朝相比，清王朝的海防范围虽多有扩大，但统治集团和士大夫阶层的海疆观念，却没有太大的改变，当时海疆所指仍主要是东南的海防区域，即东南沿海的府县，包括海口、沿海半岛和大小岛屿等，其海洋国土的领海观念，直到清朝末年也没有形成。如嘉庆时人严如＠②在《洋防辑要序》中列数清朝海防要地时指出：“我国家于崇明、舟山、玉环、海坛、金门、澎湖、南澳、＠③州岛屿深阻之处，皆特设镇将。而台湾在澎湖外，距海岸水程千里，鸡笼、凤山隶我版图，设官莅长，人物繁昌，屹然为海外钜镇，声威雄壮，杜岛夷之窥伺矣；口岸则直隶之天津，山东之登莱，江南之狼山，浙江之黄岩、温州，福建之福宁、厦门、漳州，广东之潮州、碣石、虎门、高廉、琼州，各设专阃，分布重兵，而……松江当刘河、吴淞川沙要口，宁波当杭、绍、定海、象山要口，泉州当金门、厦门要口，惠州密迩碣石、虎门，特驻军门，就近统领防御，营城、汛堡[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页 >> |
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