、英國人、法蘭西人、丹麥人、瑞典人都獲得大體相同的「待遇」。
17世紀還不是在中國建立具有近代意義上的國際海洋貿易體系的時候，東西方世界無論在觀念和制度上都存在巨大差异，源于意大利商業城市共和國的侵略性海權主義與受中國傳統的重農抑商思想主導閉關鎖國政策難于調和，公開對等的自由貿易不可能建立起來，所以荷蘭人只好無奈地接受中華帝國的朝貢體系，維持朝貢貿易，另外就是偷偷摸摸地走私。
The Relations between Canton and Netherlands
in the 17th Century
Abstract
In the 17th century , the provinces, Canton（contains Macao）,Fokien and Formosa were the most important trade and activities area of Netherlands in China and play a very great role in the early history of relation between China and Netherlands.
In 1601, an armada of Netherlands arrived in Canton and has settled for one month under the leading of Van Neck. The main intention of this settling in the sea area of Canton of Netherlands was to set up the trade base in Macao and develop the trade with China as the Portuguese. However, because of the old Chinese concept of disdaining the foreigner and the pay tribute system in China, and also the critical position of the coast defence of China, the government of the Ming Dynasty had wariness to Netherlands. Furthermore, the Portuguese always made troubles, so that Netherlands couldn’t achieve the aims. Then they&
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