【英文标题】Elite Class and Township Power During Han Dynasty
Department of History, North- East Normal University,Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
【英文摘要】Township power was the local official institutionrepresenting Han Dynasty at localities and their members maynot receive official salaries or hold no official positions.They were, however, the basis of the Han Dynasty power. InHan Dynasty, elite class included merchant elite and townshipelites. They became the mainstay of the elite class sinceofficial involvement in management of commerce. Because theygradually and effectively took control of local power, thusthey became the important mainstay of the feudal Han Dynasticsystem. At the same time the township elite class exploitedlocal economy and the people, damaged local feudal socialorder and sometimes became the opposition power of a unifiedcountry.
【关 键 词】豪民/乡里政权/兼并役使
elite/township power/double exploiting
【 正 文】
乡里政权是汉王朝派出的最基层政权组织,乡官里吏尽管大多不是国家正式命官,但职责重大,承担着摊派徭役、征收赋税、率民为善、受理诉讼、监督户口年纪等职能。他们既是乡里政权的执掌者,又是邻里乡党的“长者”,不仅平时影响乡党舆论,而且政局动荡还能左右人心向背,构成汉王朝最基本的政权基础。伴随封建经济的发展和社会政治的演变,异军突起的豪民地主利用雄厚的经济实力和社会影响力,逐渐把持了乡里政权乃至郡县右职,他们既是汉王朝对庶民百姓实现封建剥削的依靠力量,也是渔肉乡里、破坏封建秩序的罪魁;既是汉政权维系封建统治的重要支柱,也是滋生地方分裂势力、瓦解刘氏王朝的掘墓人。
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