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浅析《呼啸山庄》主要人物的创作模型

时间:2009-8-8 16:56:54  来源:不详
, vulgar, and unnatural—and author Emily Brontë went to her grave in 1848 believing that her novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when Wuthering Heights received a second printing with an introduction by Emily’s sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And now it is widely recognized as one of the greatest novels of English literature. Ralph Fox, the revolutionary critic of England writes: “Wuthering Heights is beyond all doubt one of the most extraordinary books which human genius has ever produced.” [6] He regards it as the three greatest books of that age, “and the writer of the future will acknowledge them as his inspiration when he attempts the task of conquering reality”. [7]
Today, the novel is still heatedly discussed, some on the main characters’ destiny, some on the theme of Heathcliff’s revenge and some on the tragedy of Heathcliff and Catherine. This article deals with the creation models of main characters in Wuthering Heights. According to Jung, the contents of human psychology are essentially experienced, which can be displayed both by personal behaviors and psychological activities and by superstition, myth, religion and philosophy. [8] On one hand, the author’s personal experience plays an important part to help create the typical characters; on the other hand, the Greek myth provides the archetype to portray the characters. This paper divides five parts: introduction, an analysis of the creation of three main characters, Catherine, Heathcliff and Hindley, and the last part conclusion. 


2.Catherine Earnshaw and Emily Brontë
The novel written by Emily is portrayed true to Victoria life which she is familiar with, it can be regarded as the real life of her own. “Wuthering Heights probably contains some factor of satisfying a long-cherished wish and imaginary life activities.” [9] Catherine molded by her is extremely the same as herself. Both of they experience the same living conditions which influence the shape of their personalities: stubborn and rebellious and their weak side of personalities brings about the tragic fate.
2.1 Living conditions
Emily and Catherine have shaped the same personality by the influence of living conditions. Emily lives in Haworth, which is a village of small, gray house on the side of a hill in the worth of England. To the west it is the boundless and uninhabited moors, not living plants but heather growing disorderly. Such living environment can be seen in Wuthering Heights. The environment plays an important role in creating the uniqueness of Emily Brontë and Catherine she creates. “She describes life according to the severe land she grows up and the more severe people of this land.”[10] Charlotte Brontë explained it in the book The Republication of Wuthering Heights: “It is imbued with local color. It enriches in wild nature, like the roots of heather. It adapts the nature because Emily Brontë was born and grew up on the moor, and she was nurtured by the moor.”[11] She experiences the bondless swamp and wilderness of Yorkshire and writes them in the imaginaries of her novel, where she grasps the primitive images of the nature with her sharp eyes to create the lifelike, feverish and amazing atmosphere. Undoubtedly, Wuthering Heights features the wilderness and windstorm. “The greatness and profoundness of Emily can only be built up by the cruel, lofty, gloomy and desolate land and sky of Yorkshire.” [12] At the beginning of the novel, Emily Brontë purposefully dates the story at the time so close to her, arranges the setting in the North, where she lives and which she is familiar with. “Wuthering” is a “significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmosphere tumult to which its station is expressed in stormy weather.” [13] Both are the moors, which have the same weather conditions, “The power of the north wind blowing over the edge, by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house; and by a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun.” [14] Such environment of the wilderness in the story reminds us of Harworth moor. The remote and gloomy atmosphere influences Emily Brontë. She is a desolate and lonely girl, always walking on the moors to spend time. Self-abased, introverted and melancholy as she is, she is not good at communicating with others, unwilling to live with others and keeping pretty much to herself. However, Emily Brontë longs for love and she pays more enthusiasm to social movement and is strongly opposed to formal religion. The features of moors shape her a willful, savage and stubborn individuality. She puts all the personalities into Catherine.
Catherine comes from a high-society family, who, as a child, could ride any horse in the stable, and in later years “rides roughshod” over everyone who tries to stand in her way. [15] “Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue alw

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