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浅析《呼啸山庄》主要人物的创作模型 |
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时间：2009-8-8 16:56:54 来源：不详
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the world. How can Emily portray such a twisted character with his extraordinary love and hatred?
The archetype literature is one of other patterns to create characters in literary works, and it comes from myth after all. “Myth is the main stimulative power, which endows the heroes the archetypal sense and gives myth the archetypal narration, thus myth is the archetype.”[37] Wuthering Heights written by Emily can be said the typical example of such theory.
Comparing with the Greek myth, Medea, Wuthering Heights has exactly the same theme and the creation of Heathcliff’s personality benefits from the character Medea. It can be said that Heathcliff is a “displacement” of Medea. [38]
3.1 The cause of revenge
The cause of Heathcliff’s revenge is the same as Medea. Both are desperate from love and lead to hatred and then begin to revenge.
Medea is the daughter of King Kolkhis. She believes Iason’s pledge that he will love her forever, and she betrays her own country, kills her brother, helps Iason take back golden wooden and kill his enemies, and comes to Korinthos with him. There they have two sons and live a happy life for years. Unfortunate things happen thereafter. Iason abandons Medea and marries Korinthos Princess in order to gain power and high position. And Medea is expelled out of his country by King Korinthos. She twists all her love to hatred and she begins to revenge Iason’s betrayal and mercilessness. First, she burns Iason’s new wife, then she kills Iason’s and also her two sons, from which she thinks Iason will be afflicted for losing sons and will never be happy. After the success of revenge, she runs away to Anthem by the help of “Deus ex Machina”.
Readers who are familiar with Wuthering Heights may find that it tells the story of Heathcliff’s revenge. Heathcliff is a gipsy waif of unknown parentage. He is picked up by Mr. Earnshaw in the street and brought up with his children. He is treated well by Mr. Earnshow, but when the old man dies, the young master Hindley bullies him. He is deprived of the right of receiving education and even reduces to the position of a servant. Yet he is not desperate because he has Catherine to understand him and love him. Then comes the turning point. Catherine decides to marry Linton. All the sufferings make him to be a cruel and savage revenger. He makes all the property in the name of his and Hindley indulges in drunk and dies from it. Then he always goes to Thrushcross Grange to meet Catherine in order that Linton suffers from mental torments. Catherine’s death strengthens his revenge. Just as Medea, Heathcliff aims his hatred at the second generation. He controls Wuthering Heights, and takes an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. He trains Hareton as an idiot and lives in the shadow of him. In order to defraud Edger of his money and belongings, he urges Cathy, daughter of Edger, to marry with his dying son by cheat. Besides, he torments Hareton and Cathy physically and mentally, even his own son, small Linton, gains little love from him. From Medea and Heathcliff, we can find the same personalities. They are full of love and they cannot put up with lovers’ betrayal. Their characters are twisted because of losing love, and they become merciless, hard-hearted, ruthless and inhuman. In Emily’s eyes, “man’s dignity could not be injured, and injuring would bring a great mound in the soul. When injuring was beyond the limit, it could make Bodhisattva to become a devil.”[39]
3.2 Unfortunate experiences
Both Heathcliff and Medea bear unfortunate experiences, which becomes the foundation of shaping their characters. Medea betrays her country and families, coming to a place far from home, lonely and miserable. Heathcliff is a waif: “in the streets of Liverpool, where he (Mr. Earnshaw) picked up and inquired for his owner. Not a soul knew to whom it belonged.” [40] Two children entirely refuse to have it in bed with them, or even in their room. Even the maid Nelly looks down upon him. She would put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it might be gone on the next morning. In such an alien environment, they rely heavily on the lovers of their own—they are their life and their soul. However, they meet with the same misfortune; due to the worldly moral and more important, the temptation of money and power, they lose their lovers. Their rivals in love are so powerful— one is a princess and the other is a son of the rich— that they cannot use the social power to compete with them at all. The only measure they can take is to revenge: Medea murders her sons and enemies with her own hands and Heathcliff kills his son and foes indirectly.
3.3 Mental quality
Heathcliff and Medea have the same mental quality: Medea is “the princess of a savage country”, and Heathcliff is “a tempest son”. First, they are passionate, yearn for freedom and dare to love and detest. Loving Iason, Medea abandons her country and families, and Heathcliff regards Catheri上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页
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