摘 要： 唐诗与唐人小说的发展并不同步，但唐人小说中拥有大量的诗歌。随着时间的推移，诗歌进入小说的机率越来越高，小说中诗歌与唐诗发展的风貌愈益相合。唐代诗歌与小说用诗的流程嬗变有着明显的可比性。从“四期说”的角度比对唐诗与小说的用诗，初唐诗坛因中有革，小说用诗低迷。盛唐诗坛呈现鼎盛之态，小说用诗出现俗诗短章。中唐诗人探索求新，小说用诗与唐诗和谐融通；晚唐诗坛出现衰退之象，小说用诗逐渐繁富。
关键词： 唐诗； 唐人小说； 文学体式
Abstract: Tang poetry didn't grow synchronically with Tang novels but the latter contained large quantities of Tang poems. As time went by, more and more poems occurred in novels, which tended to coincide daily with the status quo of development of Tang poetry. As a result, Tang poems were well comparable with the course of evolution of novel poems in the day. From a historical perspective, in the early Tang Dynasty, the Tang poetry was taking shape, so few poems occurred in novels; in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the Tang poetry was flourishing in full wing, so varied forms of poetry occurred in novels; in the MidTang Dynasty, the Tang poets were seeking innovative forms of poetry, so poems in novels were in harmony with the Tang poetry; and in the late Tang Dynasty, the Tang poetry was declining, but poems occurred affluently in novels.
Key Words: the Tang poetry; the Tang novels; form of literature
文学的发展，包括某种文学体式，不是一个孤立自足的现象，而是与外界时常发生关系的过程。这不仅体现在文学本体历时性的丰富充实，也体现在共时性的异体借鉴与吸收在。唐代文学的标志是诗歌，研究唐人小说发展不能不参照唐诗，研究唐人小说之用诗现象，就更是如此。唐诗发展的运行轨迹、阶段划分问题，历来为治唐诗者所关注，其中影响最大、迄今仍为多数学人认同的是明代高木秉所倡之初、盛、中、晚唐“四期说”。与自宋以降众人注目的唐诗分期大不相同，学界对唐代小说分期的关注，则只是近几十年的事情。主要有“三期”、“四期”、“五期”等说法。这些观点基本上是参照了唐诗的分期，特别是“四唐说”而成的。
唐人小说的分期，受到了唐诗分期的影响。唐人小说中的诗歌，是否受到唐诗创作大气候的影响？不同时期小说中的诗歌，与同期唐诗的总体风貌关系如何？诸如此类的问题，都有探讨索解之必要。尽管有人将唐人小说中的诗歌与一般意义上的唐诗同视，如《全唐诗》卷862、卷867所录神仙鬼怪之诗，但唐代诗人之诗与小说之诗还是有着明显的不同。比如诗人之诗是独立自足的文学体式，小说之诗则属于小说文本的组成部分，发挥着文本组构的作用(虽然也可单独
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