摘 要： 本文对以郑和航海为代表的中国航海业的中衰和著名的李约瑟难题进行了比较研究,尝试贡献一种新的视角。作者认为这两个现象的产生具有一定的可比性：首先，商品经济和资本主义萌芽得不到正常的发展，使得中国传统科技和航海事业均缺乏深刻的社会动力，特别是经济动力；其次，中国传统的航海事业和科技发展模式都具有鲜明的官办特色，这给他们的长期发展带来了巨大的隐患，造成畸形发展，终成为郑和迷题和李约瑟难题之所以出现的一个重要因素；再次，郑和航海和中国传统科技均表现出一定的内敛性、封闭性、保守性，使得前者缺乏开拓进取的心态和后者无法及时吸纳外来的先进成分，甚至自我超越，发生质的突破。本文在描述二者之所以发生的共同原因的同时还对比了欧洲的情况，从另一个角度展现了它们发生的必然性和所共同扎根的土壤。在文末，作者归纳了研究这个问题所带给我们的启示。

Abstract： In this article, I compare the declination of traditional Chinese navigation that was represented by Zhenghe’s navigation, which I call the Zhenghe puzzle, with the famous Needham paradox on both domestic and international dimensions，trying to contribute a new point of view. I think that these two phenomenons are comparable because traditional Chinese science and technology and navigation shared some characteristics. First, they both lacked of profound social impetus, especially the economic ones, because the commodity economy and the germination of the capitalism didn’t develop smoothly in ancient China; Second, they were both characteristic of official enterprise, which induced freakish development and caused great hidden trouble to their progress in the long run, which in turn became a key factor in the happening of Zhenghe puzzle and the Needham paradox; Third, they displayed certain feature of fogyism and occlusion and convergence, which caused the former one to have been lacking of gumption and the later one to have lost the ability of absorbing outside elites, even the possibility of self-transcendence or qualitative change. While I describe the soil they rooted together, I make a comparison between the historical background in domestic and in Europe in order to display the inevitable occurrence of Zhenghe puzzle and Needham paradox with another

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]  ... 下一页  >>