1894年赫胥黎所作的导言之后，再翻译1893年为牛津大学讲座写的讲演稿>。严复翻译两个部分的先后次序在时间上与赫胥黎写作时间次序正好相反。）1898年慎始基斋本改为：“所谓择种留良，前导言中已反复矣，今所谓蔽，盖其术虽无所窒用者，亦未能即得所期也。”[48]
查英语：There is another fallacy which appears to me to pervade the so-called ‘ethics of evolution’. It is the notion that because, on the whole, animals and plants have advanced in perfection of organization by means of the struggle for existence and the consequent ‘survial of the fittest’, therefore men in society , men as ethical beings, must look to the same process to help them towards perfection . I suspect that this fallacy has arisen out of unfortunate. Ambignity of the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’. Fittest has a connotion of ‘best’ , and about ‘best’ there hangs a moral flavour. In cosmic nature. However, what if ‘fittest’ depends upon the conditions.[49] （据我看，还有一种错误存在于所谓“进化的伦理之中”。就是这种说法认为，既然从全体上来说，由于生存斗争和因之而来的“适者生存
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